Technology CAD -- Computer Simulation of IC Processes and Devices129 3. 6 Exercises 130 3. 7 References. 131 4 PN Junctions 131 4. 1 Introduction. 132 4. 2 Carrier Densities: Equilibrium Case 4. 3 Non Equilibrium . . 139 4. 4 Carrier Transport and Conservation 144 4. 5 The pn Junction Equilibrium Conditions. 147 155 4. 6 The pn Junction Non equilibrium. 4. 7 SEDAN Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 4. 7. 1 Heavy Doping Effects .. . 176 4. 7. 2 Analysis of High Level Injection 181 190 4. 7. 3 Technology