Black and Blue: African Americans, the Labor Movement, and the Decline of the Democratic PartyIn the 1930s, fewer than one in one hundred U. S. labor union members were African American. By 1980, the figure was more than one in five. Black and Blue explores the politics and history that led to this dramatic integration of organized labor. In the process, the book tells a broader story about how the Democratic Party unintentionally sowed the seeds of labor's decline. The labor and civil rights movements are the cornerstones of the Democratic