Born Along the Color Line: The 1933 Amenia Conference and the Rise of a National Civil Rights MovementIn August, 1933, dozens of people gathered amid seven large, canvas tents in a field near Amenia, in upstate New York. Joel Spingarn, president of the board of the NAACP, had called a conference to revitalize the flagging civil rights organization. In Amenia, such old lions as the 65 year old W. E. B. DuBois would mingle with the coming leaders of Negro thought. It was a fascinating encounter that would transform the civil rights movement. With